What complication can arise if gas penetrates through layers in NEC?

When gas penetrates through layers in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), it can lead to the perforation of the bowel wall. This occurs as the integrity of the intestinal wall is compromised due to inflammation and necrosis, allowing gas and potentially other contents to escape into the peritoneal cavity. Perforation is a serious complication because it can result in peritonitis, a life-threatening condition requiring immediate medical intervention, often necessitating surgical repair.

In the context of NEC, the presence of gas in the bowel wall, particularly when seen on imaging, is a sign of severe disease and can indicate the progression toward perforation. Addressing this early is crucial, as delayed treatment can escalate into more systemic complications and increased morbidity in neonates. Understanding this connection reinforces the importance of monitoring signs and symptoms in infants at risk for NEC to prevent critical outcomes.