What condition is indicated by a patent processus vaginalis at birth?

A patent processus vaginalis at birth indicates the presence of a hydrocele, which is an accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis surrounding the testis. The processus vaginalis is a pouch of peritoneum that descends with the testis into the scrotum during fetal development. Normally, this pouch should close off after the testis descends; if it remains open (patent), it allows fluid to accumulate, resulting in a hydrocele. Hydroceles are typically soft, non-tender, and usually resolve on their own without treatment, making them a common finding in newborn males. Understanding this condition helps in differentiating it from other issues affecting the male genitalia, as well as guiding appropriate management.