What confirms the diagnosis of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula?

The diagnosis of esophageal atresia with or without tracheoesophageal fistula is confirmed primarily through the inability to pass a catheter through the esophagus into the stomach. This is a critical assessment technique because the presence of esophageal atresia means that the esophagus does not connect properly with the stomach, thereby blocking the passage of the catheter.

When attempting to pass a catheter, if the catheter cannot reach the stomach, it indicates a discontinuity of the esophagus, which is characteristic of esophageal atresia. This finding is often supported by additional imaging studies or diagnostic tests, but the inability to advance a catheter is a direct clinical indicator that substantiates the diagnosis.

While gastric acid in the mouth or visible abdominal swelling may indicate other conditions, they do not specifically confirm esophageal atresia. Ultrasound imaging can assist in evaluating various developmental anomalies but is not definitive for confirming esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula. Thus, the inability to pass a catheter is the most direct and confirmatory method for diagnosing this condition.