What is the normal range for serum sodium levels?

Serum sodium levels are a critical parameter in assessing an individual's fluid and electrolyte balance. The normal range for serum sodium levels is 135-145 mEq/L. This range is vital for maintaining homeostasis and ensuring proper physiological functions, including neuronal and muscle function, as sodium plays a key role in cellular osmolarity and the generation of action potentials.

Values below 135 mEq/L indicate hyponatremia, which can lead to various clinical manifestations such as confusion, seizures, and even coma in severe cases. Conversely, levels above 145 mEq/L suggest hypernatremia, which may result in dehydration of cells and can cause symptoms ranging from increased thirst to severe neurological impairment.

The other ranges provided, such as 120-130 mEq/L, 140-150 mEq/L, and 150-160 mEq/L, do not align with established clinical standards for normal serum sodium levels and may represent states of either electrolyte imbalance or pathophysiological conditions. Understanding this normal range is crucial for neonatal intensive care nursing as it aids in the early identification and management of potential electrolyte disturbances in vulnerable neonates.