Which condition is characterized by four defects including pulmonary stenosis and VSD?

Tetralogy of Fallot is characterized by a combination of four specific cardiac defects: pulmonary stenosis, ventricular septal defect (VSD), right ventricular hypertrophy, and an overriding aorta. In this condition, the pulmonary stenosis creates an obstruction to blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs. The VSD allows blood to shunt between the left and right ventricles, contributing to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. This combination leads to reduced oxygenation of blood being delivered to the body, causing the characteristic cyanosis often seen in infants with this condition.

Understanding the unique features of Tetralogy of Fallot is crucial for recognizing its clinical presentation and the management required for these infants. In contrast, the other conditions listed do not include the specific combination of these four defects, making Tetralogy of Fallot distinct in its etiology and implications for treatment.