Which condition may result from inadequate ventilation leading to CO2 retention?

Inadequate ventilation can lead to an accumulation of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, a condition known as CO2 retention. When CO2 levels increase, it reacts with water in the body to form carbonic acid, subsequently lowering the pH of the blood. This process results in respiratory acidosis, characterized by an increased concentration of carbonic acid and a decrease in arterial pH.

Respiratory acidosis typically occurs in situations where there is impaired gas exchange, such as in conditions like respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or any scenario that compromises the ability of the lungs to effectively ventilate and expel CO2. The body may attempt to compensate for this acidosis through metabolic pathways, but the primary issue arises from the underlying respiratory problem.

Understanding this mechanism underscores the importance of adequate ventilation in maintaining acid-base balance in the body, particularly in the neonatal population, where respiratory function is especially critical.