Which phenomenon is associated with gas trapping in meconium aspiration syndrome?

The "ball-valve" mechanism is the phenomenon associated with gas trapping in meconium aspiration syndrome. This mechanism occurs when the thick meconium obstructs the airways, creating a one-way valve effect that allows air to enter the alveoli but prevents it from escaping during expiration. As a result, trapped air leads to hyperinflation of the lungs and can cause significant respiratory distress in the affected neonate.

In meconium aspiration syndrome, the presence of meconium in the airways not only causes obstruction but can also lead to inflammation and irritation of the lung tissue. The "ball-valve" effect is particularly problematic because it contributes to increased intrathoracic pressure and can ultimately result in lung injury if the pressure remains elevated. Understanding this mechanism is crucial for the management and treatment of neonates affected by meconium aspiration syndrome.

Barotrauma refers to injury caused by pressure changes in the lungs, which may occur in various situations but is not specifically linked with meconium's obstructive properties. Bronchoconstriction can happen in response to irritants, but it isn’t the primary phenomenon of concern in the context of gas trapping from meconium. Vascular maldevelopment, while relevant in some respiratory conditions